Educational Impact: Why Student Voices Matter on School Boards

In spring 2016, the U.S. Census Bureau released a stunning figure: topping just over 75 million, the Millennial generation finally surpassed Baby Boomers in population. These young people, ages 18-34, are rapidly becoming America’s largest generation with an economic and political clout to match. But even though younger voters have been an instrumental part of political and cultural shifts in America over the last several years, there is one place young people are still fighting to be heard: school.

More Millennials have bachelor’s degrees than any other generation before them and, yet, whether you fall on the younger or older end of the generational spectrum can determine a lot about your student rights.

Since school boards were first established in Massachusetts in 1862, Americans have cultivated a rich history of democratic representation and local control in education. Whether a parent or a business owner, you have the chance to hold a direct voice in public and private schools of all kinds.
However, if you are a student, this choice often does not exist.

American school boards are filled with representatives from across the political spectrum at the state and local levels, but too often they have failed to include those directly affected by the choices of the board: students.

A few universities, traditional public schools, and charter schools have been testing student representation, but more often than not, students are the very demographic continuously lacking representation by their governing bodies. As a student, you simply don’t have a say in the decisions impacting your future. How fair is that?

Recently, one Rutgers faculty member raised this very concern. While the university’s Board of Governors had representation from interested parties and alumni, often these board members were 10-40 years removed from university life. The members were completely unaware of new problems affecting current students, such as the need for mental health services and basic changes in curriculum.

The same can be said for schools across America; and not just at the college level.
Over a 4-month period in 2016, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that nearly 21 million youth between 16-24 were employed in the U.S., and these numbers demonstrate the responsibility and influence young people have in their communities. That influence is only growing. So, why can’t these students – who are talented and hardworking enough to hold jobs - also have a voice and a vote when it comes to their education?

This lack of student rights across America raises concerns about the nature of our educational environment itself.

When economic and political interests can carry more weight on school boards than the concerns of students, it is evident that a democratic and student-centered approach to education is lacking. Allowing students to vote in the highest positions of school districts, university leadership, and traditional public or charter school governance demonstrates a strong commitment to student success.

Student representation brings forth fresh perspectives and on-campus knowledge otherwise unknown to school boards, but it also more appropriately reflects the vested interest young people have in their own futures and our American communities overall.

How Can Educators Create an Effective Connected Classroom?

A connected classroom is a smart-learning environment that is open to the outside world. With this approach, students get to learn from real-life situations and connect with other learners across the globe. With the widespread use of internet and web 2.0 technologies, creating connected classrooms has become much easier. Before we look at the web tools that you can use to open the classroom doors to a global audience, let us look at some of the academic advantages of adopting such an approach.

Connected classrooms can help students:

• Practice and learn a foreign language with native speakers of the tongue
• Discuss problems with other learners from far off locations
• Invite experts in a particular field to the virtual classroom and learn from them
• Expose themselves to other cultures and develop a more holistic global awareness
• Set up virtual trips to places of interest

Skype and Google Hangout are great tools to create a connected classroom. They stand out for a number of reasons:

• They are completely free to uset is easy to set them up and you do not need any in-depth technical knowledge to operate them
• They are web-based and don’t require software installation
• You can do both video and text chat on them 
• They offer group calling services
• Hangout videos and Skype calls can be recorded and shared with anybody
  Let us take a look at a practical way in which we can use Google Hangout and Skype to create a connected classroom

The Mystery Hangout/Skype

A Mystery Hangout/Skype is an educational classroom game where students from different parts of the country get to meet each other on Skype or through Hangout video and get to ask each other questions about each other's locations. The aim of this game is to help the students guess the location of their peers’ class. In the process, they get to practice a number of academic skills like web searching, speaking, note taking, writing and a lot more.

This activity is suitable for children of any age group and can also be used to teach subjects like geography, history, mathematics, languages and science.  There are various ways in which you can go about selecting the class to partner with. For instance, you can use the Hashtag #mysteryskype or go to this page to find out more about the different classes that are featured there. If you want to organize a Mystery hangout for your class, you can check Google Plus’ Mystery hangout Community. If you find a class that you want to connect with, get in touch with its teacher and set up a meeting. But before you get started with the Mystery Hangout/Skype class, make sure that your students are adequately prepared. Here are a few handy tips to get them ready for their first connected learning experience:

• Make sure that your students fact check the information that they are going to provide in their answers. They can use the internet to look up information on their geographical location, the population of the city they live in, the languages they speak, the historical monuments, their city’s economic mainstay and more. 

• If you want to connect with classes that are in a different time zone, you need to know the time differences between both the locations. You can use the following tools to overcome the problem:

• Online conversion 
• Meeting planner 
• World clock 

If you want your students to make the most of the time they spend connecting with their guest class, make sure that you assign each one of them a specific task to carry out. Some of the roles include – greeters (the students who will greet the guests when they connect), the questioner (students who pose the questions), note takers (students who are entrusted with taking detailed notes) and photographers (students who are entrusted with taking pictures during the call). If you want a more detailed web resource with a list of tasks that you can assign to your students, check out this page.

Problem-based Learning in Secondary Schools

As student-centric study modules grow popular, so do problem-based learning techniques in academic institutions. Problem-based learning module being a subset of Project-Based Learning, can help expand the thinking capabilities of students, especially their critical thinking skills while also helping them pick up useful skills and knowledge in the process. Students do not just stop at what they are being taught in a lecture format, but also question and analyze it, which can help broaden the learning capabilities beyond the confines of what a textbook has to offer. They naturally hone their analytic skills in the process, which can prove to be a valuable asset even in non-academic settings down the line. It does not come as a surprise that problem-based learning is referred to as a 'learn to learn' methodology, as students do not learn by rote or learn by doing, but learn so they can solve problems. This makes the learning experience both fruitful and interesting. Since they work in groups to solve the problem, it also promotes a collaborative and interactive learning experience. Let's take a look at when and how PBL can be implemented.

How to implement PBL models

The first thing that you need to know about implementing a PBL model is that there's more than one way to do it. For starters, you want to frame a problem that gets close to defining the type of problems that real-world professionals in the field solve on a daily basis, even if it may not be of the same level of complexity. Framing the problem is one of the most important aspects of the process, and educators can afford to get creative with the process, provided the problem is within the boundaries of question and reason. Of course the problem should be such that it has multiple answers and there are multiple ways to get to the answers. For instance, an educator teaching the concept of economics can frame a question such as- How will the upcoming budget and market situation affect your purchase? The commodity that is being purchased can be anything from real-estate assets to automobiles.

The answer itself is not as important as the thought-process, questioning and learning that occur during the process, and this is the basic premise of a problem-based learning module. Once, the problem is presented, the students can be divided into multiple groups so they can discuss the problem statement and brainstorm possible solutions. This is also when students research on the subject and exchange information with their fellow-team members, and where the actual learning occurs.

Pain points while implementing PBL techniques

No doubt, PBL techniques sound like an effective way to teach but implementing it needs quite some work on the educator's part, as you may have already guessed. The educator needs to understand that many variables come into the picture in a PBL environment. One challenge that educators face is to ensure that the problem statement touches all the learning points that the students are expected to learn as a part of the curriculum. Also, given the time constraints and the vast curriculum, educators may find it difficult to implement a PBL technique in each and every concept that is being taught. Educators may also have difficulties framing a PBL module for certain subjects like English. Educators should evaluate if a PBL technique has more value to offer over tradition teaching style, and if it is a good fit before they decide when and where it can be implemented. The next step is to assist students while they brainstorm solutions. Educators should primarily act as mediators while implementing a PBL assignment, but they should also be able to gauge when students need a small forward nudge when they are stuck in a tricky spot. Classroom management is another pain point that PBL may present, depending on the size of the class.  Many of these pain points can be addressed in secondary school programs such as those that incorporate innovation lab models.

Students get to participate in an exclusive program that goes beyond the traditional curriculum, wherein they meet professionals from the field. They work with a team to gain hands-on experience on the subject, whether it is by designing or utilizing tools to find a solution. Since the Design Studio focuses on STEM areas of learning, students have a holistic learning experience by understanding how they are interlinked with each other. This when combined with the core curriculum, can allow students to get a better grasp of the subject with real-world experience.

Why is Single-Sex Education Important?

Boys and girls are different – there is no denying that. They have different needs and react differently in different situations. Considering this, putting them together in coeducation classes does not seem to be a really bright idea. It doesn't allow educators to care for all their needs equally. This may result in either gender feeling neglected. In order to prevent this, single-sex education systems have to be implemented. Here's how they can help:

• Overcomes stereotypes: Talent comes in many forms. Some students are good in academics, some can paint well and some are great actors. Some excel in soccer and others in athletics. And there may be those who write very well – either stories or poems. One of the biggest problems for students in coeducational classrooms is the reinforcement of stereotypes - “Poetry is not for boys” or “Soccer is not for girls”.

These stereotypes in combination with peer pressure may result in smothering of budding talent in both boys and girls. Or, this may result in students not overtly showcasing their talents which can lead teachers to feel that those students have no talents at all. Either way, students are unable to get the attention that they deserve. On the other hand, in the single-sex education system, where a class full of boys learns to love poetry or a class full of girls plays football, the stereotypes won't even raise their heads. Single-sex systems allow students to explore all their interests without having to worry about what the other gender thinks of their choices.

•   Makes handling puberty easier: Another advantage of single-sex classrooms is that there will be no unnecessary showing-off for the opposite sex. This is particularly beneficial when the students start hitting puberty. They can concentrate more on their studies than on the hot girl in the first row or the cute boy standing in the corridor. 

• Caters to each sex individually: Boys are generally more boisterous and have higher energy levels than girls. They need to be engaged all the time. Not giving them enough attention can cause them to misbehave. On the other hand, a teacher cannot dedicate all of his/her attention to boys only. This will result in neglecting the girls. And, girls are less likely to speak out in coeducational classes. Single-sex educational systems are the best solutions.

• Better academic performance: In 2007, neuroscientists from NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) released the report of a study which clearly shows that there are physiological differences in the brains of boys and girls. They develop differently in different ages and it is important to use appropriate training methods. Approaching teaching in the same way is a mistake. Single-sex systems will allow for utilizing the correct approach that can help improve the academic performance of students.

In addition to these, single-sex systems will also provide a proper environment for students to handle their social and emotional development needs. Students can ask any question in class without hesitation or fear of embarrassment. Boys are also more likely to socialize and collaborate in a single-sex environment than in a co-ed one. And, they can show emotions openly. 

Of course, for some students, the setting may not matter at all; but, not for all. Single-sex systems have a clear advantage over co-ed ones and implementing them can provide students an environment where they will flourish.

How Single-Gender Education Can Help African-American Boys

The rate of dropouts of African-American boys from schools is much higher than that of whites and has always been so. The former are also less likely to graduate than the latter. Clearly, there is a problem that needs to be solved. Single-sex schools have been around for a while. All-girls schools are built on the premise that they help provide equal access and opportunities for girls. But, why should boys also need such systems? Here, you will learn the advantages that such schools give boys, particularly African-Americans.

•  Tailored curriculum:  Many educators are of the opinion that the social and educational problems faced by African-American boys can be at least addressed, if not completely solved, through single-sex schools. In such schools, the curriculum can be uniquely tailored to handle the needs of its students. There can be classes on leadership, for example. These schools can also provide opportunities to the boys, who may have otherwise been overlooked in other schools.

•   Provide positive examples: Often, these boys lack a positive male role model or a male role model at all. Single-sex schools can cater to these boys by giving them examples of positive and negative role models. The schools can also instill the importance of education beyond their schooling. This is important because, for many of these boys, their idea of personal identity does not include education. In addition, schools can provide additional rigorous training that will help students to successfully tackle standardized tests and get enrolled in colleges.

• Break stereotypes: The idea of “masculinity” may prevent the boys, in regular schools, from undertaking activities that can be perceived as feminine. In single-sex schools, the teachers can help them to overcome stereotypes more easily given that they boys will not have to confront girls all the time.

• Increase college enrollment rates: This study, conducted by scholars of the University of Pennsylvania, has found that a larger proportion of students from single-sex schools attend four-year colleges compared to students of coeducational schools. This is true for both private and public schools and irrespective of student-teacher ratios, teacher quality, and other factors.

• Instill confidence: By letting the boys know that they are expected to perform, teachers can instill self-confidence in them. The students will know that they are capable of achieving target and that there are those who believe in them.

While all of these can also be achieved through co-ed schools, it will put an additional burden on them. Not all schools will be able to bear that burden and catering specifically to African-American boys may create problems for the schools.

However, single-sex schools for African-American boys can tailor their curriculum and practices to cater to specific needs and requirements. Such schools will provide a stable and safe environment for the students to experiment and learn more about what it means to be a part of the society.

Students can also better understand what it means to be a man and that it involves more than just sexual prowess. They will understand the importance of education and learn what it takes to be a leader. Stereotypes associated with African-American males can also be overcome. Overall, single-sex schools for African-American boys will help them to lead better lives.

The Value in Single Sex Schooling

A case for more than just "learning: for boys of color, Anthony L. Hubbard

Facing the truth
 

Schools across America report unacceptably high levels of dropout rates (exceeding 45%) for young males of color, including Latinos and African-Americans. And as a result, young boys representing this segment of America's future have a lesser probability of enrolling or graduating from college than many individuals from other peer groups.  

And while young male students across all demographics might exhibit resistance to learning, or face challenges in a learning environment, it is males of color who are most likely to be determined as having a "learning disability", or worse still of being branded "developmentally disabled". 

The truth is that young boys of color face an uphill struggle distinguishing themselves within the current education system. They more likely to deliver poor academic performance, and are less likely to secure spots on coveted scholastic talent programs. In a country that has its first President of color, a man who is acclaimed for his educational accomplishments, the status quo of education for young men of color is unacceptable.   

Something needs to change quickly, or America may face yet another crisis of a generation of young men of color that are lost!

Read more:  Complete article here

Video footage from Making the Invisible Visible Panel Discussion

Panel 1:  Student Voice

 

Panel 2:  Practitioners

 

Closing Remarks

Photos from Making the Invisible Visible Panel

 

Strengthening the Socio-Emotional Development of Boys of Color

Providing an educational environment that will work extremely well for Boys of Color can be a great challenge especially when they enter the transition to high school/college and career. Research indicates that the ideal educational setup is a combination of important factors which include high standards of education, commitment of the entire school community, and setting higher level of expectations. The learning environment should be sensitive to address the social and emotional factors that affect the development of Boys of Color which can be done by helping them to have a sense of belonging and leading them to relate their identities to their rich cultural and historical heritage. The students should also be taught to become responsible members of the society through delegation of tasks that will allow them to serve their communities.

Encouraging Literacy Proficiency in Males of Color

How often do we hear academics and scholars use the phrase "One size does not fit all", when discussing a number of educational or socio-economic issues facing America? Well, one very pressing challenge that fits that description is related to the task of building literacy proficiency in males of color. 

The issue is not just about getting boys of color to complete the "must-read" curriculum.  It goes much beyond that. The real challenge lies in encouraging these young men to embrace reading and writing so that they might develop "in total" - socio-emotionally - and not simply in terms of passing an exam or moving to the next grade.

Addressing the root cause

At the heart of the problem lie many non-literary challenges that sometimes get overlooked in our eagerness to build a ready-made solution.  The tools we use to build those solutions, such as policy decisions, teaching methodologies and curriculum content, take a "one size fits all" view of the classroom. And often, as we develop and implement what we perceive to be the "ideal solution", we lose sight of the fact that we are tailoring solutions for a disparate group of students.

The Broad Prize for Urban Education[i] endows a $1 million benefit to urban school districts that can prove they have contributed significantly in the academic performance of, and reducing improvement gaps between, poor and minority students. As recently as March 2012, educational experts gathered in Washington to nominate deserving school districts for the award noticed exactly the disparity that I am talking about here. Although in this case the spotlight was on the differences between Hispanic-American and African-American students, the lessons learned are equally valid to any two (or more) groups of students. As noted by USA Today[ii]: 

"The real lesson is that we need to stop lumping blacks.....in terms of how we measure progress and in terms of policy — as "students of color." The groups have different education needs".

The report very aptly identified the root cause of the challenge that educators face when trying to encourage literacy proficiency amongst males of color in the following words:   

"Lumping the two groups together only shifts attention away from differing strategies that can work for each group."

Different strokes

Promoting literacy proficiency amongst men of color must consider the environment beyond the classroom, in order to be successful.  Afro-American students have a unique set of socio-economic and socio-emotional circumstances that make them open to a different teaching/learning style than that used for other ethnic communities. And unless educators and policy makers realize that, no policy tool or teaching method will meet with success.

Recognizing the fundamental differences between various groups of students is therefore the first step to encouraging learning within members of those groups. Once some of the social barriers to learning have been removed, men of color will respond more positively to any stimulus that aims to foster literacy proficiency amongst their ranks.

As a result of such reorganization should also come the realization that curricula currently used in traditional schools therefore deserve a second look. Teachers and educators need to understand that what a Hispanic-American student will relate to in the classroom is different from that to which an Afro-American student will respond to, which is totally divergent from that which stimulates white American students. 

The fact is that each student learns differently. And a student's ethnicity helps shape his/her learning styles. These differences in learning styles are well articulated in the text "Moore, Carol. (1992): Learning Styles - Classroom Adaptation"[iii], where the case for "Different strokes make different folks" can be made. The underlying message here is that while students may find it extremely hard to change their unique learning styles, educators should adapt their teaching methods to meet differing learning styles.

Best practices to bridge these differences

So what can we do to bridge these differences? A lot, actually! Over the years of being involved in the learning and development of youth of color, I have seen first-hand the results that certain practices can bring to bear in fostering literacy proficiency in males of color. I'd like to propose some of my "best practices" for educators to consider:

• Cultural responsiveness: Bringing cultural sensitivity into the classroom means that teachers are aware of the learning style of their pupils, and adapt their teaching methods accordingly

• Recognizing ability: Given the right literary environment, boys of color will shine too. Teachers should recognize their student's innate abilities to learn, and must do away with oversimplification of lessons 

• Collaborative classrooms: Rather than promoting "individualism" in learning, help foster a collaborative literary environment

•  Enabling text: Choose text books and other learning material for the curriculum, to which men of color can relate. Using "standard" text will make them "tune out"

• Unapologetic learning: Choose literacy plans that don't force boys of color to be apologetic about their place in the community when learning or writing their assignments

• Readers write & Writers read: Have students read as authors and write as readers. Fostering both these perspectives is a key element of fostering literacy proficiency  amongst males of color

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[i] http://www.broadprize.org/

[ii] http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/opinion/forum/story/2012-05-01/education-achievement-gap-blacks-hispanics/54668664/1

[iii] http://www.ndt-ed.org/TeachingResources/ClassroomTips/Learning_Styles.htm